The substrate is temporary. When his punctures close I will add Reptibark to the enclosure.With pyramiding, two things are most important to cover:
Hydration: How is your soaking routine? How do you provide water? What is the humidity like?
Lighting & Heating: What kind of basking lamp do you have? (some lamps can contribute to pyramiding) What is your heating like? How do you provide ambient lighting? How do you provide UVB?
Also, a question about the picture, does he usually have substrate, but just not now due to the injuries?
Lighting- I use 25 W UVA+UVB for lighting. I prefer to take him outside for UVA/UVB but the accident happened outside so I've been paranoid.
@Tom should be able to help you on the diet. I myself don't have experience with the grass eating species.Diet- I feed him a variety diet. I am trying to get him to eat more hay as he never preferred it. I feed him collard greens with romaine lettuce chopped up with orchard hay. The diet varies everyday. The main thing he eats are cactus pads, wheatgrass, romaine lettuce, collard greens, turnip greens, mazuri tortoise diet, orchard hay and fescue grass.
Also if you have any tips for how to get him to eat more hay. He will not do it. He spills the food bowl the day I give him hay.
The correct lighting, housing and care is explained in the two threads I will leave for you. Your tortoise is pyramiding due to low humidity which is what you get with an open topped enclosure. The wrong bulbs also make it worse.Lighting - I think the issue may be the lighting. Normally, I take him outside to soak under the sun for about 3 hours everyday. Due to his injuries, I haven't done so because I'm paranoid about infection. I have attached an image of the lighting. It's 4-Pack 25W UVA+UVB Reptile Heat Bulbs - Heat. I feel the lights may not be good enough.
Humidity - He normally has substrate but do to his punctures I have removed all substrate. I use Reptibark for his substrate. I soak him 2x week as he is a 1 year and 5 months.
Diet- I feed him a variety diet. I am trying to get him to eat more hay as he never preferred it. I feed him collard greens with romaine lettuce chopped up with orchard hay. The diet varies everyday. The main thing he eats are cactus pads, wheatgrass, romaine lettuce, collard greens, turnip greens, mazuri tortoise diet, orchard hay and fescue grass.
Also if you have any tips for how to get him to eat more hay. He will not do it. He spills the food bowl the day I give him hay.
Please let me know if I missed anything.